12/8/2023 0 Comments Makehuman 0.9![]() ![]() ![]() Plant growth inhibitors are commonly used in agriculture for years and have been synthesized in bulk, efficiently and cheaply, either naturally or artificially. gondii infects a broad spectrum of hosts and efficient drugs with low side effects and usable for human therapies are also highly needed. ![]() We have also used the apicomplexan parasite, T. In this study, we have preliminarily explored a wide variety of plant growth regulators, including plant hormones and corresponding inhibitors, to investigate their effect(s) on the growth of the most virulent human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) and ABA biosynthetic inhibitors have, likewise, been shown to affect parasite egress from infected host cells in Toxoplasma gondii. In addition, identification of inhibitors in these pathways might also result in synergistic drug combinations, which could have increased therapeutic value. The rationale was further strengthened with the demonstration that the apicoplast is essential for malaria parasite survival and that metabolic pathways in the apicoplast are essential for parasite growth. Examples of these are plant-like vacuoles in parasite cells and the mevalonate-independent biosynthesis of isoprenoid in apicoplasts. Plant-specific organelles and mechanisms in the phylum Apicomplexa, in which Plasmodium and other medically and veterinarily important pathogens are included, have been brought to focus as potential targets for new drugs since associated enzymes were found in plants and bacteria but not in animal metabolic pathways. ![]() Admittedly, the development of new inexpensive, effective and safe drugs with new mechanisms is strongly needed. Also, although its clinical efficacy has not yet been compromised, there are recent reports that show the first evidence of artemisinin resistance. Besides, ACT is 4 to 22× more expensive than common drugs and access is generally poor in African countries. Drug resistance, which rendered chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine infective for malaria control from 1970 to 1990s, remains as one of the greatest challenges facing malaria control today. Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are currently the first-line and only the best weapon against malaria. Malaria, caused by the genus Plasmodium, is one of the most common infections in the world responsible for about 1 million deaths per year. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.įunding: This work was supported by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology grant (#18073013) and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science grant (#18GS03140013). Received: AugAccepted: JanuPublished: March 7, 2012Ĭopyright: © 2012 Toyama et al. PLoS ONE 7(3):Įditor: Gordon Langsley, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale - Institut Cochin, France (2012) Gibberellin Biosynthetic Inhibitors Make Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum Cells Swell and Rupture to Death. These unique observations suggest that changes in the parasite membrane permeability may explain the pleiotropic effects observed within the intracellular parasites.Ĭitation: Toyama T, Tahara M, Nagamune K, Arimitsu K, Hamashima Y, Palacpac NMQ, et al. falciparum cultures with the gibberellin biosynthetic inhibitors resulted in marked morphological changes that can be reversed to a certain degree under hyperosmotic environment. After preliminary in vitro assays with plant growth regulators and inhibitors, here, we focus on biosynthetic inhibitors of gibberellin, a plant hormone with many important roles in plant growth, and show their inhibitory effect on the growth of both apicomplexa, Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii. Clearly new alternative drugs that are more affordable and with fewer side effects are desirable. Effective malaria control and eventual eradication remain a huge challenge, with efficacious antimalarials as important intervention/management tool. Malaria remains as one of the most devastating infectious disease, and continues to exact an enormous toll in medical cost and days of labor lost especially in the tropics. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |